Financial
Ethereum surpassed Visa in 2021 concerning the sums traded.
Ethereum has a high usage rate and a high fee structure, and the implementation of EIP-1559 has resolved some issues. In 2021 Ethereum Surpassed Visa concerning the sums traded on the network.
A detailed analysis of Ethereum in 2021 by Josh Stark points out that the second-largest cryptocurrency in the world has overtaken Visa in terms of value transacted.Â
Last year alone, the Ethereum network handled the equivalent of $11.6 trillion in transactions.
In addition to this information, the article also provides data on the total fees paid on different blockchains, including Bitcoin.Â
It also analyzes the arrival of second-layer solutions and the arrival of different players in the sector.
Finally, it is also possible to find detailed information about the ratio between emission and burning of ETH after the introduction of EIP-1559.
Ethereum surpassed Visa
The sums traded by Bitcoin and Ethereum are perhaps the most unexpected facts uncovered in this research.
While Visa transacted a total of 10.4 trillion dollars in 2021, Bitcoin moved US$ 4.6 trillion, passing PayPal.Â
Ethereum managed to double the volume of BTC and surpass Visa after closing the year with a volume of transactions equivalent to 11.6 trillion dollars.

Although it seems that Bitcoin is losing this fight, it is worth remembering that most transactions on Ethereum involve tokens, fungible or not. That is, both have their merits here.
High Usage and High Fees on Ethereum Network
As most blockchains work as an auction system, where transactions with higher fees are accepted first, it is no surprise to find expensive fees when networks are overloaded.
With the explosion of DeFi, NFT, play-to-earn gaming sectors, scalability has been Ethereum’s weak point ever since. In other words, he could be a lot bigger if his rates were cheaper.
The chart below compares some payment solutions’ total fees paid in 2021.

While a 10-fold difference between ETH and BTC draws attention, Visa’s $24 billion is the focus. After all, this profit belongs to the company. In cryptocurrencies, this profit goes to the miners.
Second layer solutions
Because of the scalability mentioned above, the latter half of 2021 was defined by second-tier solutions on Ethereum. Escaping high fees is the main reason.

The article highlights that Ethereum validated around 1.2 million transactions per day and that the arrival of these second-tier solutions is managing to increase this number, which is currently at its limit.
The Growth in use cases of Cryptocurrency
Another important observation from Stark’s Ethereum 2021 retrospective is the expansion of cryptocurrency use cases, mainly linked to Ethereum itself.
While until the year 2020, the vast majority of people who lived off cryptocurrencies were investors, developers, and companies. The expansion of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) attracted other professionals to this universe.
For example, artists selling their artwork on NFT are often used by athletes such as Stephen Curry, which also has strong ties to Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. Currently, he is a partner in one of the largest exchanges in the world and collects NFTs.

Stark compares revenue between Ethereum and other services used by artists such as Spotify and YouTube Music in the chart above. Pointing out the potential of blockchain, still little explored.
The Ethereum burns with the EIP-1559.
Finally, the report highlights Ethereum’s economic shift in August through EIP-1559. With it, part of the transaction fees began to be burned, reducing the total supply of ETH.

With a reward of 2 ETH per block, generated every ~15 seconds, Ethereum would have inflation of around 11,520 ethers per day. In November, the network burned its one-millionth ETH.
Despite this, the amount was lowered once the burn was introduced.
Highlighting the end of October, when Ethereum became a deflationary asset for eight consecutive days, that is, the number of ethers decreased in this period.
Ultimately, this shows that ignoring cryptocurrencies is a mistake.Â
Like the director of Microsoft, the most visionary already admit that Ethereum will be the new application store.
On the other hand, Bitcoin gains more space as a store of value with each passing day, and today both are dominant in their areas.
Crypto
Aspecta (ASP) Holds Near All-Time Lows as Pre-Market Expansion and Atom Upgrade Target a Liquidity Infrastructure Comeback
Aspecta launched with significant promise and an innovative pitch — blockchain infrastructure for price discovery and liquidity across illiquid assets like pre-TGE tokens, locked vesting positions, private equity, and RWAs. One year later, the token is trading at approximately $0.0243, down 95.8% from its all-time high of $0.5884 reached on July 24, 2025 — the same day as its TGE. The collapse happened in real time: a 65% single-day crash on launch day driven by the 76 million ASP airdrop flooding the market before any sustained demand could absorb it.
That supply shock defined ASP’s trajectory for the months that followed. The question now is whether a pre-market platform expansion, the upcoming Atom upgrade, and a deeper Binance BuildKey integration can rebuild the demand case that the launch day distribution wiped out.
What Aspecta Is Actually Building
The protocol’s core thesis is genuinely differentiated. Aspecta calls itself blockchain infrastructure for intelligent attestation and price discovery for trillions in illiquid assets — a market that’s enormous precisely because these assets have no transparent pricing mechanism and no secondary liquidity until a TGE or IPO forces a single moment of price discovery.
BuildKey is the flagship product. It converts illiquid assets — pre-launch project shares, locked tokens, early-stage equity — into programmable ERC-20 credentials that can be traded on an AMM-based price discovery curve before any official listing. The mechanism functions as a pre-market for assets that would otherwise have no price signal at all, giving early holders a way to trade, and giving the market a way to form expectations before a token’s launch day.
The reputation layer adds another dimension. By linking GitHub, Twitter, and wallet addresses, Aspecta builds verifiable on-chain developer identities — credentials that evaluate more than 8,000 skill aspects and experience spotlights — creating a merit-based attestation system that positions builders for pre-launch deal access based on verifiable contribution history rather than capital size alone.
The BuildKey-Binance Partnership That Changes Distribution
The most significant commercial development since launch is Aspecta’s integration with Binance Wallet for exclusive TGEs. Following a September 2025 partnership announcement, the BuildKey model is now embedded into Binance Wallet’s token launch infrastructure — allowing projects to conduct gated, BuildKey-powered TGEs directly through one of the largest crypto distribution channels in the world.
The roadmap implies continued expansion of this collaboration, with more projects expected to launch using the BuildKey framework through 2026. Each new project that uses the infrastructure generates trading fees, increases ASP token utility as the required pairing and governance asset, and brings fresh user attention to the platform. The pipeline of upcoming pre-market listings — including Aligned Layer, Yield, Squid Router, Saturn Credit, Earnpark, Bitfi, KAIO, and Cluster Protocol — represents near-term catalysts that each carry the potential to drive renewed engagement.
The Atom Upgrade on the Horizon
Aspecta has signaled that the Atom upgrade — described as a major protocol enhancement targeting core functionality and user experience — is coming in 2026, alongside BuildKey V2. The specifics haven’t been fully disclosed, but upgrades of this type in DeFi infrastructure protocols typically focus on scalability improvements, economic model refinements, and interface enhancements designed to reduce onboarding friction for new projects and users.
For a protocol whose primary value lies in pre-market price discovery quality, improvements to the AMM mechanism and attestation accuracy would directly affect the caliber of projects willing to use the platform — and therefore the trading activity and fees that flow back to ASP holders.
The Supply Problem That Hasn’t Gone Away
ASP has 336.66 million tokens currently circulating against a 1 billion maximum supply — 33.7% of the cap. The remaining 66.3% represents unlock pressure that will arrive progressively through vesting schedules for strategic investors, ecosystem grants, and core contributors. The July 2025 airdrop demonstrated precisely what happens when large supply enters the market without commensurate demand on the other side.
With a market cap of roughly $7.66 million and a fully diluted valuation considerably higher, the protocol is essentially pricing in near-zero adoption of its full supply scenario — a floor-level valuation that makes ASP a high-risk, high-upside position for anyone betting that the BuildKey-Binance expansion and Atom upgrade can genuinely shift the adoption curve.
Backed by YZi Labs — formerly Binance Labs — Aspecta has institutional credibility and distribution access that most protocols at this market cap level simply don’t have. Whether that backing translates into the project execution needed to close the gap between current price and the protocol’s stated ambition is the central question heading into H2 2026.
Crypto Currency
Canton (CC) Sits at $5.4B Market Cap as DTCC Treasury Tokenization Goes Live and $300M Raise Signals Long-Term Confidence
Canton has built something that most blockchain projects spend years promising and never deliver: a live institutional network where some of the world’s largest financial institutions are actually settling real assets. As of today, CC is trading at $0.1395 with a market cap of $5.45 billion and a CoinMarketCap ranking of #17 — a position that places it among the top 20 digital assets globally and ahead of names like SUI and AVAX by market capitalization.
DTCC has selected Canton as one of two networks for a soft launch of its tokenization service in July 2026, involving tokenizing a subset of DTC-custodied U.S. Treasury securities, marking a shift from testing to production-grade trades. A full-scale rollout is expected in October 2026, with over 50 major institutions — including BlackRock and JPMorgan — expected to participate following SEC no-action relief granted in December 2025.
The Institutional Roster That No Other Chain Can Match
Canton’s partner list reads less like a crypto project’s partnership announcements and more like a roll call of global financial infrastructure. Major institutional partners include DTCC, J.P. Morgan, HSBC, Visa, and Franklin Templeton. Each has gone beyond signing MOUs: HSBC completed a tokenized deposit pilot on Canton in April 2026, demonstrating institutional deposit workflows on the network. Nomura, Mizuho, and the Japan Securities Clearing Corporation began trialing tokenized Japanese government bonds on Canton, aiming to test the efficacy of blockchain for 24/7 real-time collateral transactions.
Nasdaq has joined the Canton Network as a Super Validator — a move that provides a major credibility boost, given Canton’s design to support large-scale institutional settlement and regulated financial workflows. Moody’s has also launched a Token Integration Engine to bring credit analysis on-chain, starting with Canton — an integration that speaks to the breadth of what the network is being used for beyond simple asset transfers.
Digital Asset, the developer behind the Canton Network, is reportedly seeking to raise $300 million in new funding at approximately a $2 billion valuation, led by a16z crypto. That fundraise, if completed, would accelerate both development and ecosystem expansion at a moment when institutional demand for Canton’s rails is visibly accelerating.
A Token Model That’s Structurally Different
The CC token has no pre-mine, founder allocation, or VC distribution — every token enters circulation by being earned for network utility. Users pay fees denominated in fiat but settled in CC; all fees are burned. New CC is minted every 10 minutes and rewarded to Super Validators, validators, and application builders based on the activity they generate.
That burn-and-mint equilibrium model directly links token supply to real network usage — a design philosophy that’s the opposite of most crypto projects, where tokens are pre-allocated to insiders and distributed as incentives regardless of whether the network is used. More than 450 million CC tokens have been burned so far this year, introducing a deflationary dynamic that intensifies as network activity expands.
Daily on-chain asset movement has been exceeding $350 billion, a 25% increase from the prior quarter. That’s not a metric that fits the typical crypto project narrative — it’s a number that belongs in a discussion of clearing and settlement infrastructure.
The Price-Utility Disconnect That’s Frustrating Holders
Despite the institutional traction, Canton’s CEO has acknowledged flat price despite massive on-chain activity, emphasizing long-term value from real usage. CC has declined 1.5% over the past seven days and sits 32% below its all-time high of $0.1942 — a disconnect between network fundamentals and token price that has become the project’s defining tension for retail holders.
The explanation is structural. Canton solves a critical barrier for institutional blockchain adoption: how to coordinate multi-party financial workflows while maintaining strict privacy and compliance. The institutions using Canton for Treasury settlement aren’t buying CC for speculative purposes — they’re using it as a fee token within a regulated workflow. That creates genuine utility demand, but not the reflexive price-demand loop that drives most crypto rallies.
The DTCC full launch in October 2026 and the a16z-led funding round represent the two most significant near-term catalysts for closing that gap between what Canton’s network processes and what CC’s market cap reflects.
Financial
BonkDAO Loses $20M in BONK Token Governance Attack
Solana’s most recognized memecoin community woke up to a serious problem on July 6. BonkDAO confirmed through its official X account that a governance attack had drained an estimated $20 million worth of BONK tokens from the protocol’s treasury — the first major security incident in the project’s history since its December 2022 launch.
The mechanics were straightforward and damaging. An attacker exploited BonkDAO’s proposal system to push through a fraudulent governance proposal, authorizing a treasury withdrawal. Once the transaction was approved on-chain, there was no reversing it. The stolen BONK began moving toward exchanges immediately, where it could be converted into other assets before any coordinated response was possible.
How the Attack Played Out
Governance attacks of this type exploit a vulnerability that exists in almost every DAO structure — the proposal and voting mechanism itself. Rather than cracking smart contract code, the attacker worked within the system’s own rules, submitting a proposal designed to authorize fund access and seeing it through to execution. The specifics of how the fraudulent proposal cleared the protocol’s approval thresholds haven’t been fully disclosed, but the outcome was unambiguous: an on-chain transaction approved by the governance system drained a significant portion of the treasury.
Once the stolen tokens hit exchange wallets, they created immediate sell pressure. A stolen asset moving toward a liquid market in large size rarely produces orderly price action — and BONK’s response confirmed that. The token fell more than 9% on July 6 as the attacker’s wallets pushed supply onto exchanges without any buyer-side activity large enough to absorb the volume.
Upbit Suspends BONK Deposits and Withdrawals
South Korean exchange Upbit posted a notice on July 6 confirming it had temporarily suspended all BONK deposits and withdrawals in response to the incident. No timeline was given for when access would be restored. The suspension is a standard precautionary measure — exchanges typically halt a token’s deposit and withdrawal functionality when large volumes of potentially stolen funds are known to be circulating toward their wallets, both to protect users and to comply with any law enforcement requests that may follow.
For BONK holders using Upbit as their primary venue, the suspension adds an operational headache on top of the price decline — an inability to exit, hedge, or add to positions through that platform until normal service resumes.
Where Recovery Efforts Stand
BonkDAO confirmed it has notified law enforcement and is working with relevant parties to identify the attacker and recover the stolen funds. No specific details were offered on the progress of that process, which is typical at this stage — public disclosures during active investigations tend to be limited to avoid interfering with recovery efforts or alerting the attacker to specific tracing activity.
The reality of governance attack recoveries in crypto is sobering. When stolen funds move to exchanges quickly and are converted into other assets, the trail fragments rapidly. Recovery depends heavily on exchange cooperation in freezing accounts, on-chain analytics firms tracing wallet flows, and law enforcement moving faster than the attacker can launder the proceeds.
BONK launched in December 2022 through one of the more memorable community airdrops in Solana’s history, distributing tokens broadly to Solana NFT holders and developers at a time when the broader crypto market was reeling from the FTX collapse. It subsequently built genuine trading volume, secured exchange listings across major platforms, and was included in several crypto ETFs — a trajectory that made it one of the more legitimate memecoin projects in the space.
The July 6 attack doesn’t erase that history. But it exposes a governance infrastructure gap that the community will now need to address directly — because a treasury that can be drained through a fraudulent proposal is a structural risk that persists until the mechanism is redesigned.
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