Financial
Ethereum surpassed Visa in 2021 concerning the sums traded.
Ethereum has a high usage rate and a high fee structure, and the implementation of EIP-1559 has resolved some issues. In 2021 Ethereum Surpassed Visa concerning the sums traded on the network.
A detailed analysis of Ethereum in 2021 by Josh Stark points out that the second-largest cryptocurrency in the world has overtaken Visa in terms of value transacted.
Last year alone, the Ethereum network handled the equivalent of $11.6 trillion in transactions.
In addition to this information, the article also provides data on the total fees paid on different blockchains, including Bitcoin.
It also analyzes the arrival of second-layer solutions and the arrival of different players in the sector.
Finally, it is also possible to find detailed information about the ratio between emission and burning of ETH after the introduction of EIP-1559.
Ethereum surpassed Visa
The sums traded by Bitcoin and Ethereum are perhaps the most unexpected facts uncovered in this research.
While Visa transacted a total of 10.4 trillion dollars in 2021, Bitcoin moved US$ 4.6 trillion, passing PayPal.
Ethereum managed to double the volume of BTC and surpass Visa after closing the year with a volume of transactions equivalent to 11.6 trillion dollars.

Although it seems that Bitcoin is losing this fight, it is worth remembering that most transactions on Ethereum involve tokens, fungible or not. That is, both have their merits here.
High Usage and High Fees on Ethereum Network
As most blockchains work as an auction system, where transactions with higher fees are accepted first, it is no surprise to find expensive fees when networks are overloaded.
With the explosion of DeFi, NFT, play-to-earn gaming sectors, scalability has been Ethereum’s weak point ever since. In other words, he could be a lot bigger if his rates were cheaper.
The chart below compares some payment solutions’ total fees paid in 2021.

While a 10-fold difference between ETH and BTC draws attention, Visa’s $24 billion is the focus. After all, this profit belongs to the company. In cryptocurrencies, this profit goes to the miners.
Second layer solutions
Because of the scalability mentioned above, the latter half of 2021 was defined by second-tier solutions on Ethereum. Escaping high fees is the main reason.

The article highlights that Ethereum validated around 1.2 million transactions per day and that the arrival of these second-tier solutions is managing to increase this number, which is currently at its limit.
The Growth in use cases of Cryptocurrency
Another important observation from Stark’s Ethereum 2021 retrospective is the expansion of cryptocurrency use cases, mainly linked to Ethereum itself.
While until the year 2020, the vast majority of people who lived off cryptocurrencies were investors, developers, and companies. The expansion of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) attracted other professionals to this universe.
For example, artists selling their artwork on NFT are often used by athletes such as Stephen Curry, which also has strong ties to Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. Currently, he is a partner in one of the largest exchanges in the world and collects NFTs.

Stark compares revenue between Ethereum and other services used by artists such as Spotify and YouTube Music in the chart above. Pointing out the potential of blockchain, still little explored.
The Ethereum burns with the EIP-1559.
Finally, the report highlights Ethereum’s economic shift in August through EIP-1559. With it, part of the transaction fees began to be burned, reducing the total supply of ETH.

With a reward of 2 ETH per block, generated every ~15 seconds, Ethereum would have inflation of around 11,520 ethers per day. In November, the network burned its one-millionth ETH.
Despite this, the amount was lowered once the burn was introduced.
Highlighting the end of October, when Ethereum became a deflationary asset for eight consecutive days, that is, the number of ethers decreased in this period.
Ultimately, this shows that ignoring cryptocurrencies is a mistake.
Like the director of Microsoft, the most visionary already admit that Ethereum will be the new application store.
On the other hand, Bitcoin gains more space as a store of value with each passing day, and today both are dominant in their areas.
Crypto
Do Kwon Faces 12-Year Sentence as Prosecutors Call Terra Collapse “Massive Fraud”
U.S. prosecutors are seeking a 12-year prison sentence for Terraform Labs founder Do Kwon, arguing that the collapse of Terra and Luna amounted to one of the largest frauds in crypto history. The request, filed in the Southern District of New York, highlights the scale of losses tied to TerraUSD (UST) and Luna’s algorithmic failure—an implosion that erased more than $40 billion and triggered widespread contagion across the digital asset sector.
In their filing, prosecutors said Kwon spent years misleading investors about TerraUSD’s stability, artificially inflating its perceived safety and contributing to the system’s eventual collapse. They argued that the fallout extended far beyond market volatility, calling Terra’s unraveling “a defining moment” that reshaped global regulatory scrutiny of crypto markets.
Kwon’s defense team has pushed for a significantly lighter sentence—up to five years—claiming that coordinated trading activity from third parties and broader market stress helped accelerate TerraUSD’s depeg. They cited research, including Chainalysis data, suggesting that external actors exploited structural weaknesses rather than Kwon deliberately engineering the collapse.
Kwon pleaded guilty in August to wire fraud and conspiracy charges. His criminal case stems from a March 2023 indictment that included commodities fraud, securities fraud, wire fraud and market manipulation allegations. The core of the case centers on TerraUSD, the algorithmic stablecoin designed to maintain a $1 peg through a balancing mechanism with its sister token, Luna. When that mechanism failed in May 2022, both assets collapsed rapidly, wiping out tens of billions in value and triggering insolvencies across multiple crypto firms.
Prosecutors are not seeking restitution, citing the complexity of calculating losses across global bankruptcy cases already underway. Instead, they requested forfeiture of roughly $19 million, noting that compensation efforts for victims will primarily be handled through restructuring processes tied to firms affected by Terra’s collapse.
Kwon’s legal challenges span multiple countries. After being arrested in Montenegro in March 2023 for attempting to travel on forged documents, he was extradited to the United States in December 2024 following competing requests by both the U.S. and South Korea. He also previously lost a civil case brought by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, where a jury found that Terraform Labs and Kwon misled investors about TerraUSD’s mechanics and backing.
Sentencing is scheduled for December 11, marking a key moment in one of crypto’s most consequential legal sagas. While the ruling will conclude Kwon’s federal criminal case, numerous bankruptcy, civil and creditor proceedings tied to Terra’s collapse remain ongoing.
Crypto Currency
Strategy Builds $1.44B Cash Reserve to Avoid Selling Bitcoin During Market Downturns
The enterprise Bitcoin holding company strengthens its balance sheet to neutralize dividend concerns and reinforce long-term BTC strategy.
Strategy, the enterprise-focused Bitcoin holding company led by CEO Phong Le, has established a $1.44 billion U.S. dollar reserve — a move designed to ensure the firm can meet all of its financial obligations without ever being forced to sell Bitcoin during market volatility.
In a recent interview, Le explained the reasoning behind the large cash buffer:
“We’re very much part of the crypto ecosystem and Bitcoin ecosystem… which is why we decided to start raising capital and putting U.S. dollars on our balance sheet to get rid of this FUD.”
A Defensive Buffer to Weather Market Cycles
Earlier this week, Strategy announced the creation of its $1.44B reserve, funded through a stock sale completed in just over a week. According to Le, the reserve will cover:
- Dividend payments on preferred stock
- Interest on outstanding debt
- At least 12 months of financial obligations, with plans to expand to 24 months
This dual-reserve model, Le noted, ensures the company maintains financial flexibility even during a Bitcoin downcycle, allowing it to avoid liquidating BTC to stay solvent.
Addressing Dividend FUD and Strengthening Investor Confidence
The initiative comes amid market chatter suggesting the firm may struggle to meet dividend and debt obligations if its stock price declines meaningfully. Le characterized this as pure “FUD,” stressing that Strategy remains fully capable of meeting its commitments.
The company’s decision to raise 21 months’ worth of dividend coverage was deliberate — meant to demonstrate that it can secure capital even when broader market sentiment turns bearish.
Last week, Le reiterated that Strategy would consider selling Bitcoin only if its stock fell below net asset value and if access to additional capital completely dried up.
To further increase transparency, the company launched a “BTC Credit” dashboard, showing it possesses more than 70 years of dividend-servicing capacity based on current assets.
Strategy now holds over 650,000 BTC, purchased at an average cost of $87,000 per coin, reinforcing its role as one of the largest corporate Bitcoin holders globally.
Corporate Bitcoin Treasuries Gain Influence as Miner Pressures Rise
Strategy’s financial maneuvering coincides with heightened stress on Bitcoin miners, who are facing increased production costs and shrinking margins following the most recent halving cycle. As miners’ BTC output tightens, analysts say institutional treasuries like Strategy’s have begun playing a larger role in overall market stability.
With miners reducing supply and volatility rising, corporate balance sheets — rather than mining rewards — are increasingly shaping investor sentiment. Many analysts view Strategy’s reserve as a sign of Bitcoin’s evolution as a corporate-grade asset, shifting from speculative acquisition toward disciplined financial management.
By minimizing liquidity risk and securing long-term operational capacity, Strategy positions itself as a stabilizing force in Bitcoin’s maturing market structure.
Financial
Essential Alert: Binance Announces LUNA Deposit and Withdrawal Suspension for Crucial Upgrade
Attention all Terra (LUNA) holders! Binance, the world’s leading cryptocurrency exchange, has announced a temporary suspension of deposits and withdrawals for LUNA. This planned pause is a critical step to support a seamless network upgrade. If you use Binance for your LUNA transactions, here’s everything you need to know to navigate this brief hiatus confidently.
Why is Binance Suspending LUNA Services?
Binance will temporarily suspend deposits and withdrawals for LUNA starting at 12:05 p.m. UTC on December 8. The suspension supports an upcoming Terra blockchain upgrade. Exchanges often halt transfer services during major protocol updates to protect user funds. This is standard procedure and not a cause for concern.
What Does This Suspension Mean for You?
Here’s a breakdown of what is affected:
Deposits & Withdrawals: Paused — You cannot send LUNA to or from Binance during the suspension.
Trading: Unaffected — All LUNA spot and futures markets will remain fully active.
Existing Funds: Safe — LUNA held in your Binance wallet remains secure and unchanged.
This approach helps minimize disruptions while allowing the upgrade to proceed without risk.
How to Prepare Before the Suspension Begins
Complete all pending transfers well before 12:05 p.m. UTC on December 8.
Monitor Binance’s official channels for updates regarding when deposits and withdrawals will reopen.
Adjust trading plans if needed, since markets will stay open.
Benefits of the Network Upgrade
While the temporary pause may feel inconvenient, network upgrades generally aim to strengthen the Terra ecosystem by improving security, boosting performance, and enabling new features. These improvements support long-term growth and reliability.
Conclusion
Binance’s temporary LUNA suspension impacts only deposits and withdrawals—not trading. Your funds remain safe, and the planned upgrade is a positive step for the Terra ecosystem. Stay up to date by following Binance’s announcements, and be sure to complete any urgent transfers before the deadline.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can I still trade LUNA on Binance during the suspension?
Yes. Only deposits and withdrawals are paused. Trading will continue normally.
2. How long will the suspension last?
There is no fixed end time. It begins December 8 at 12:05 p.m. UTC and will resume once the upgrade is complete.
3. Are my LUNA tokens safe during the suspension?
Yes. All tokens in your wallet remain fully secure.
4. What happens if I try to deposit after the suspension starts?
Deposits after the start time may fail or be lost. Complete all transfers beforehand.
5. Will other exchanges suspend LUNA services too?
Many likely will. Always check your exchange’s official announcements.
6. What should I do if I urgently need to move LUNA?
Withdraw it before 12:05 p.m. UTC on December 8. After that, withdrawals will be unavailable until Binance restores service.
If this guide helped clarify the Binance LUNA suspension, feel free to share it with your community on Telegram, Twitter, or other platforms.
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